{"id":3643,"date":"2026-09-04T16:40:52","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T08:40:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/?p=3643"},"modified":"2026-09-04T16:40:52","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T08:40:52","slug":"aluminum-filtration-systems-gas-heated-vs-electric-heated-vs-deep-bed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/ar\/aluminum-filtration-systems-gas-heated-vs-electric-heated-vs-deep-bed\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 (Deep bed filtration) \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>This distinction matters because buyers frequently compare &#8220;gas-heated vs electric-heated vs deep bed&#8221; as though all three terms describe the same engineering variable. They do not. Gas and electricity describe thermal energy input, while a deep bed describes the filtration mechanism and media configuration. A filter vessel may incorporate different heating technologies depending on its design. Separating these decisions is the first step toward specifying a molten aluminum filtration system that performs predictably in production.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a AdTech \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0638\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0648\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>These inclusions matter even when their total mass appears small. A thin folded oxide film can become a mechanically significant discontinuity after casting and deformation. In demanding products, metal cleanliness therefore cannot be reduced to the question &#8220;does the melt look clean?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/ar\/what-is-a-deep-bed-filter-principles-media-working-mechanism-applications\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 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\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 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\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3644\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3644\" style=\"width: 1536px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3644\" src=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/7856_4JA4eURv.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631.\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/7856_4JA4eURv.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/7856_4JA4eURv-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/7856_4JA4eURv-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/7856_4JA4eURv-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/7856_4JA4eURv-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3644\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto\">\n<table class=\"min-w-full\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0645\u064f\u0633\u062e\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0641\u064e\u0651\u0623 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0641\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0622\u062e\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0622\u062e\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>A procurement specification that merely asks suppliers to quote &#8220;one filtration unit&#8221; is consequently incomplete. At minimum, a purchaser should define throughput, alloy range, inlet temperature, required outlet temperature, filtration target, upstream treatment, campaign length, acceptable pressure head, operating pattern, existing utilities and downstream casting process.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0623\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628\u061b \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621\u061b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u061b \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u061b \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>This explains why a &#8220;finer&#8221; filter is not automatically the better filter. Increasing resistance without accounting for flow and head can create operational instability. A technically successful design needs sufficient particle capture while maintaining stable delivery of metal to the caster.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 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aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3645\" style=\"width: 490px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3645\" src=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/3169_aubDNivc.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 AdTech\" width=\"490\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/3169_aubDNivc.webp 490w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/3169_aubDNivc-300x214.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/3169_aubDNivc-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3645\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647: \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>Temperature management affects more than energy consumption. Excessive temperature can accelerate oxidation and refractory degradation, while insufficient temperature can impair flow, create freeze risk and disrupt casting stability. The engineering objective is not simply to keep the filter &#8220;hot.&#8221; It is to maintain the required metal temperature with minimum practical thermal variation.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3646\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3646\" style=\"width: 490px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3646\" src=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/9205_8iTTww3K.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\" width=\"490\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/9205_8iTTww3K.webp 490w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/9205_8iTTww3K-300x214.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/9205_8iTTww3K-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3646\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0631\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647. \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640 (CFF)\u060c \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto\">\n<table class=\"min-w-full\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0641\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0641\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0638<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 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py-2\">\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 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aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3647\" style=\"width: 1237px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3647\" src=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/6798_EjtAEoGx.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629\" width=\"1237\" height=\"1272\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/6798_EjtAEoGx.webp 1237w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/6798_EjtAEoGx-292x300.webp 292w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/6798_EjtAEoGx-996x1024.webp 996w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/6798_EjtAEoGx-768x790.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/6798_EjtAEoGx-12x12.webp 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1237px) 100vw, 1237px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3647\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%ac\/deep-bed-filtration-equipment\/\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a 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\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n<p>A supplier claiming &#8220;99 percent efficiency&#8221; without naming inlet contamination, particle-size range, alloy, flow rate, test method and sampling protocol has provided insufficient engineering information.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto\">\n<table class=\"min-w-full\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 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aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3648\" style=\"width: 1706px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3648\" src=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/9639_vs5v7Grf.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 AdTech \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0643 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621.\" width=\"1706\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/9639_vs5v7Grf.webp 1706w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/9639_vs5v7Grf-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/9639_vs5v7Grf-1024x768.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/9639_vs5v7Grf-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/9639_vs5v7Grf-1536x1152.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/9639_vs5v7Grf-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1706px) 100vw, 1706px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3648\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">AdTech aluminum filtration equipment in operation at a customer&#8217;s foundry.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (AdTech)\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0637\u063a\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d.<\/p>\n<p>Molten aluminum can interact aggressively with inappropriate materials. Alloying elements, especially magnesium in certain compositions, may change refractory-corrosion behavior. Supplier recommendations should consequently reflect actual alloy families rather than a generic &#8220;aluminum&#8221; specification.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>Refractory dry-out is equally important. New or repaired linings can retain moisture. Controlled curing and dry-out should follow refractory manufacturer&#8217;s procedures before molten metal introduction.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>This question appears often because porosity and inclusions are both described loosely as &#8220;melt quality problems.&#8221; They require different treatment mechanisms.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u0630\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062e\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0641\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 (\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>Rather than stating &#8220;high filtration efficiency,&#8221; identify how performance will be demonstrated. When possible, agree on an upstream\/downstream sampling method, stable operating condition, measurement technique and acceptance threshold before purchase.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u061f<\/p>\n<p>Those questions frequently reveal more about a filtration system than a brochure&#8217;s maximum-throughput figure.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto\">\n<table class=\"min-w-full\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\/\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0623\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 (PLC)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f. \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>The calculation should include expected future energy prices rather than relying entirely on today&#8217;s tariff. Filtration equipment can remain in service for years, while industrial energy policy and carbon costs can change significantly over the same period.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0635\u0628 \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 (PPI) \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0641\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 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\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062e\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>A useful comparison of molten aluminum filtration systems cannot stop at &#8220;gas-heated vs electric-heated vs deep bed.&#8221; The first two describe how thermal energy is supplied; the third describes how inclusions are captured through an extended filtration medium. Once that distinction is understood, equipment selection becomes considerably more systematic.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 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Electric-heated filtration units usually provide the strongest temperature control, clean operating environment, and automation compatibility, making them well suited to quality-sensitive aluminum sheet, foil, can stock, aerospace alloys, and modern casthouses. Gas-heated systems can offer lower heating cost where natural 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