{"id":3332,"date":"2026-05-09T09:39:39","date_gmt":"2026-05-09T01:39:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/?p=3332"},"modified":"2026-05-09T09:44:06","modified_gmt":"2026-05-09T01:44:06","slug":"what-flux-is-used-for-aluminum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/ar\/what-flux-is-used-for-aluminum\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d - \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 - \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%ac\/refining-flux\/\">\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/a> \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (NaCl) \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (KCl) \u0643\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a (Na\u2083AlF\u2086) \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (CaF\u2082) \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (AlF\u2083) \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f. \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 AdTech\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/ar\/die-casting-vs-sand-casting\/\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/a>, \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 - \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 <a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/ar\/contact-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>Aluminum&#8217;s chemical reactivity is both its most useful property and its biggest processing challenge. At melt temperatures of 680\u2013780\u00b0C, liquid aluminum oxidizes almost instantaneously when it contacts atmospheric oxygen, forming a solid aluminum oxide (Al\u2082O\u2083) skin on the melt surface. This oxide layer, if continuously disrupted by melt turbulence, generates oxide inclusions that remain suspended throughout the metal volume and become trapped in solidified castings, causing defects.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 - \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 - \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3333\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3333\" style=\"width: 480px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3333\" src=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5569_uyhAL9Kr.webp\" alt=\"\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0642\u0651\u0649 AdTech\" width=\"480\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5569_uyhAL9Kr.webp 480w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5569_uyhAL9Kr-240x300.webp 240w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5569_uyhAL9Kr-10x12.webp 10w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3333\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0642\u0651\u0649 AdTech<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h3>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto\">\n<table class=\"min-w-full\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<td 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py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0646\u0636\u0648\u0628 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\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0634\u0637\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0641\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3178\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3178\" style=\"width: 1408px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3178\" src=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/2140_g4dSDbWW.webp\" alt=\"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\" width=\"1408\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/2140_g4dSDbWW.webp 1408w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/2140_g4dSDbWW-300x164.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/2140_g4dSDbWW-1024x559.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/2140_g4dSDbWW-768x419.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/2140_g4dSDbWW-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1408px) 100vw, 1408px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3178\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a: \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0647 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (NaCl) \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (KCl) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 50:50 \u0623\u0648 40:60 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0647\u0644 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\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 (\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642-\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0628.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0637 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 1-3 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u0639\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0637\u064a<\/h3>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto\">\n<table class=\"min-w-full\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (%)<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (%)<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">CaF\u2082 (%)<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">Na\u2083AlF\u2086 (%)<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">MgCl\u2082 (%)<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">50<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">50<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">40<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">45<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">10<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">5<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">20<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">60<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">10<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">10<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 Na \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">30<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">50<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">15<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">5<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b 1-81 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 - \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 30-701 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a 3 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 - \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b (\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto\">\n<table class=\"min-w-full\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a (%)<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">30-50<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">20-35<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">Na\u2083AlF\u2086F (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">10-25<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u2083<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">5-15<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">CaF\u2082<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">5-15<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0646\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">0-10<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642: \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0634 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 5-15 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0643\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 5-10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a. \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u062e\u0628\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 30-601 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a 3 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0631 (\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 - \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 - \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0641\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 (\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f) \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 Groteke \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a AFS Transactions (1993) \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 PoDFA \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 40-65% \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 A356\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 (\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629)<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0637\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto\">\n<table class=\"min-w-full\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 (Al\u2082O\u2083)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0644 (MgAl\u2082O\u2084O\u2084)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a TiB\u2082 TiB\u2082<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u062d \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\/\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062c\u064a\u062f (\u064a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a (Al\u2084C\u2083)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Improving the efficiency of aluminum refining agent deployment can be achieved through the use of AdTech&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/ar\/flux-injection-machine-for-aluminum\/\">\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>Historically, reactive compounds \u2014 particularly hexachloroethane (C\u2082Cl\u2086) in tablet form \u2014 were the primary method for hydrogen removal from aluminum melts. These &#8220;degassing fluxes&#8221; generated chlorine gas when they dissolved in the melt:<\/p>\n<p>C\u2082Cl\u2086\u2086 \u2192 2C + 3Cl\u2082<\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 (\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 HCl) \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 30-50%.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062e\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 30-50%\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 50-80%) \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.12 \u0645\u0644\/100 \u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a - \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a AdTech\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 2-5% Cl\u2082 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646) \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 Cl\u2082 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3183\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3183\" style=\"width: 1408px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3183\" src=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/7064_cGaeLfLt.webp\" alt=\"\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631\" width=\"1408\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/7064_cGaeLfLt.webp 1408w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/7064_cGaeLfLt-300x164.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/7064_cGaeLfLt-1024x559.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/7064_cGaeLfLt-768x419.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/7064_cGaeLfLt-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1408px) 100vw, 1408px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3183\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Na) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Ca) \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 5-10 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 Al-Si - \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 5 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 3-5 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645: \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 (\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 (\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629).<\/p>\n<h3>\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>AlF\u2083 (\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645):<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628:<br \/>\n3Na + AlNaF\u2083 \u2192 Al + 3NaF (\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a)<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 (\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631):<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0631 (2-5% Cl\u2082) \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a - \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto\">\n<table class=\"min-w-full\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 Na (% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a)<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a)<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 AlF\u2083 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 AlF\u2083\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">60-80%<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">50-70%<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">5-15 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c Ar \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">20-35%<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">15-30%<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">15-30 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c Ar + 3% Cl\u2082<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">75-90%<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">65-85%<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">15-30 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a + \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">85-95% 85-95%<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">75-90%<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 EC (\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 1350 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 Ar + Cl\u2082 Cl\u2082 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto\">\n<table class=\"min-w-full\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">50% \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c 50% \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">1-3 \u0643\u062c\u0645\/\u0637\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">660-800\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">40% NaCl\u060c 45% KCl<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">10-15% CaF\u2082<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">1-3 \u0643\u062c\u0645\/\u0637\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">660-800\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u062f\u0641\u064f\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0633<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">35% KCl\u060c 25% NaCl<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">25% Na\u2083AlF\u2086\u060c 15% AlF\u2083<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">5-15 \u0643\u062c\u0645\/\u0637\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u062b 5-15 \u0643\u062c\u0645\/\u0637\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">680-760\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 (\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">45% KCl\u060c 35% NaCl<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">15% CaF\u2082\u060c 5% NaF<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">2-5 \u0643\u062c\u0645\/\u0637\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">700-760\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 (\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">35% KCl\u060c 25% NaCl<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">20% Na\u2083AlF\u2086\u060c 15% AlF\u2083\u060c 5% NaF<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">3-8 \u0643\u062c\u0645\/\u0637\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">700-760\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">30% KCl\u060c 20% NaCl<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">30% AlF\u2083\u060c 20% CaF\u2082<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">3-10 \u0643\u062c\u0645\/\u0637\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">700-760\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 C\u2082Cl\u2086Cl\u2086<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">0.5-2 \u0643\u062c\u0645\/\u0637\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">680-750\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">35% KCl\u060c 35% MgCl\u2082<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">20% NaCl\u060c 10% CaF\u2082 CaF\u2082<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">2-5 \u0643\u062c\u0645\/\u0637\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">680-760\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto\">\n<table class=\"min-w-full\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">801\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">770\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 NaCl-KCl<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">~660\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">CaF\u2082<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">1418\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0646\u0627\u2083AlF\u2086F\u2086<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">1009\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u2083<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">1291 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0646\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">993\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">MgCl\u2082<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">714\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">MgF\u2082<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">1263\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643<\/h3>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto\">\n<table class=\"min-w-full\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">1xxx (\u0623\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 EC)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 Na\u060c Ca\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a + \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">2xxx (Al-Cu)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 + \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0644\u0640 Na<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">3xxx (Al-Mn)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 + \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">5xxx (Al-Mg\u060c &lt;3% Mg)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 MgO\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 Na<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">5xxx (Al-Mg\u060c &gt;3% Mg)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c MgO<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">6xxx (Al-Mg-Si)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a TiB\u2082 TiB\u2082<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 + \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">7xxx (Al-Zn-Mg)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a + \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">A356\/A380 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643<\/h2>\n<p>Selecting the correct flux requires matching the flux&#8217;s primary function to the dominant melt quality problem in the specific operation. Using the wrong flux type wastes material, may introduce new problems, and gives a false sense of security about melt quality.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3334\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3334\" style=\"width: 1536px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3334\" src=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/7497_cZqXGJ7Z.webp\" alt=\"\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0643\u201d\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/7497_cZqXGJ7Z.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/7497_cZqXGJ7Z-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/7497_cZqXGJ7Z-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/7497_cZqXGJ7Z-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.c-adtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/7497_cZqXGJ7Z-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3334\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0643\u201d\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636 (RPT) \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a PoDFA \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto\">\n<table class=\"min-w-full\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0647\u0627<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u062f\u0641\u064f\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0633<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 (\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 Cl\u2082 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a)\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0632 Cl\u2082<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 + \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 CFF<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (5xxx \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 &gt;3%):<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a NaCl-KCl \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 MgCl\u2082-KCl-NaCl \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 1350):<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 4: \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (HCl):<\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062e\u0631\u0629 HCl. \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 (OSHA) \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 5 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (HF)\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 HF \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 3 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 TWA\u060c \u06486 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629). \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062e\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062e\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 700-760 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/h3>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto\">\n<table class=\"min-w-full\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/th>\n<th class=\"whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a 1907\/2006 (REACH)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f\u061b \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 (NESHAP)<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 HCl \u0648HF \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 GB \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 RoHS<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-3 py-2\">\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 (\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d)<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647 (\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a. \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0646\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 (\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f) \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a - \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h2>\n<h3>1: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>The most widely used aluminum flux is a mixture of sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl) in approximately equal proportions by weight, often with small additions of calcium fluoride (CaF\u2082) or cryolite (Na\u2083AlF\u2086). This NaCl-KCl base system forms a eutectic that melts at approximately 660\u00b0C \u2014 just at or below aluminum&#8217;s melting point \u2014 creating a liquid protective blanket on the melt surface that prevents oxidation and hydrogen pickup. This covering flux is used in virtually every aluminum foundry and smelting operation worldwide as the baseline melt protection. More specialized fluxes (drossing agents, cleaning fluxes, alkali removal fluxes) are added for specific treatment objectives beyond basic surface protection. The NaCl-KCl system&#8217;s dominance reflects its low cost, wide availability, and proven performance across the full range of commercial aluminum alloys.<\/p>\n<h3>2: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 - \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0633 (\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c Na\u2082B\u2084O\u2087) \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 743 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 - 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Covering flux is spread over the entire melt surface to prevent contact between liquid aluminum and atmospheric oxygen \u2014 it physically isolates the melt surface. It is typically applied at a low rate (1\u20133 kg per metric ton of aluminum) and maintained throughout the entire holding period. Cleaning flux is designed to react with and remove suspended non-metallic inclusions from within the melt bulk \u2014 it must be stirred or injected into the melt to make contact with inclusions throughout the metal volume. Cleaning fluxes contain higher proportions of reactive fluoride compounds and are applied at higher rates (2\u20138 kg per metric ton) but less frequently \u2014 typically once per furnace charge rather than continuously. Some products marketed as &#8220;combined&#8221; flux attempt to perform both functions simultaneously, but in our experience at AdTech, the best results come from using a dedicated covering flux for continuous surface protection and a separate cleaning flux for periodic bulk treatment.<\/p>\n<h3>4: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 - \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 - \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>10: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>Industrial aluminum flux for foundry and casthouse applications should meet or be verified against the following quality and safety standards. ISO 9001 certification of the manufacturer ensures consistent production quality and traceability. Chemical composition should be verified by the manufacturer&#8217;s analytical laboratory per each production batch, with certificates of conformance available for every shipment. Flux purity is particularly important for moisture content \u2014 water in flux above approximately 0.2% can cause violent spattering when the flux is applied to the melt. Heavy metal content (lead, cadmium, mercury) must be confirmed below specified limits, particularly for flux used in aluminum destined for food contact or automotive structural applications. Safety Data Sheet (SDS) per GHS requirements must be current and include emergency procedures for skin and eye contact with molten salt and for inhalation of fluoride fumes. REACH compliance documentation is required for European market procurement. For flux used in aerospace aluminum production, the manufacturer should provide full traceability records and the flux composition must be verified compatible with the specific alloy&#8217;s impurity specifications \u2014 particularly for sodium and calcium content that the flux itself might introduce.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643<\/h2>\n<p>The flux used for aluminum is not a single product but a family of specialized chemical treatments, each targeting a specific melt quality problem. The most important principle in flux selection is matching the flux function to the diagnosed problem rather than applying a generic &#8220;aluminum flux&#8221; without identifying what the actual quality issue is.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0637\u064a (\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 NaCl-KCl \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f) \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a - \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b | 2026 | \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 AdTech.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The fluxes used for aluminum are salt-based chemical compounds \u2014 primarily chloride and fluoride salts \u2014 applied to molten aluminum to remove oxide inclusions, reduce dross formation, extract dissolved hydrogen, and remove alkali metal impurities. The most common aluminum fluxes include mixtures of sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl) as the base, combined with [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3333,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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